Overvoltages and protection / 28.07.2025

Ferroresonance damages the surge arrester

Let us continue the series of green posts. There is such a thing as “temporary overvoltages” (TOV), and one example of such processes is ferroresonance. Ferroresonance, like ordinary resonance, occurs in circuits containing capacitances and inductances. However, unlike resonance, with ferroresonance, it is important that the inductance does not remain constant, but changes depending on

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Cable lines - parameters / 23.07.2025

Cable capacitance

Electrical parameters of cables are an important topic. For each line, it is necessary to determine the longitudinal resistance (R) and inductance (L), as well as the transverse capacitance (C), and all these parameters (R,L,C) should be found not only in a positive sequence, but also in a zero sequence. For overhead lines, these parameters

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Cable lines - various topics / 19.07.2025

Cable sheath thickness

It has always been obvious to me that in terms of thickness, there are two types of outer sheath of high voltage (HV) and extra-high voltage (EHV) cables:✅ Ordinary sheath – it has a thickness of about 5 mm.✅ Reinforced sheath – it has a thickness of about 6-7 mm.However, when I started trying to

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Cable lines - transients / 19.07.2025

Screen bonding cable length

We know that the screen’s cross-bonding is an effective way to deal with induced currents and losses in the screens of 6-500 kV cable lines (CL). The use of cross-bonding allows not only to save on losses (dozens of thousands of euros annually), but also to increase the permissible core current of the cable line,

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Cable lines - ampacity / 11.07.2025

Cable line selection

It is not enough to have money to buy a good cable. It is also important to find the time and knowledge to make the necessary calculations and select the best way to lay a cable line, taking into account the screen bonding type. Today, let’s look at a simple calculation example of a double-circuit

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Cable lines - screen bonding / 07.07.2025

Sheath voltage limiter selection

For lines with single-core cables, there is a problem of selecting the optimal screens’ bonding type. It is especially relevant for 110-500 kV lines, where grounding of screens on both sides is almost prohibited, and 99% of lines have either grounding of screens on one side or cross-bonding of screens. In both cases, it is

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Overvoltages and protection / 06.07.2025

Surge arrester optimal location

Dear colleagues, let me please start a series of “green posts” on electromagnetic transients and protection against them. In general, I have to admit that there are too many experts in this area in the world, and it seems to me sometimes, they are ready to fight brutally for their right to exist under this

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Cable lines - ampacity / 03.07.2025

The system of correction factors

In cable catalogues, in addition to the main types of cables, there are simplified recommendations on cable selection. They are given as a table with capacity currents for basic laying conditions (Ib), as well as a series of 5-8 additional tables with various correction factors (K). It is important to note that the system of

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Overvoltages and protection / 01.07.2025

Where does flashover occur?

Lightning processes are statistical processes. It is hardly possible to study such processes by considering a lightning strike to the line with specific parameters (current, front) or by considering a specific lightning wave coming from the line to the switchgear. To calculate the probability, I normally use ATP/EMTP, which has been changed for the convenience

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